At the end of 2011, the National Front withdrew from the far-right Alliance of European National Movements and joined the more moderate European Alliance of Freedom. The National Rally (French: Rassemblement national, pronounced [ʁasɑ̃bləmɑ̃ nɑsjɔnal]; RN), until June 2018 known as the National Front (French: Front national, pronounced [fʁɔ̃ nɑsjɔnal]; FN), is a far-right political party in France. [122] In the tenth FN national congress in 1997, Mégret stepped up his position in the party as its rising star and a potential leader following Le Pen. [182], Since the 1999 split, the FN has cultivated a more moderate image on immigration and Islam, no longer calling for the systematic repatriation of legal immigrants but still supporting the deportation of illegal, criminal or unemployed immigrants. [59] The campaign further lost ground when the Revolutionary Communist League published a denunciation of Le Pen's alleged involvement in torture during his time in Algeria. [221][222] Senior FN officials from the party's political bureau informed Mediapart that this was the first instalment of a €40 million loan, although Marine Le Pen has disputed this. [54], In the 1974 presidential election, Le Pen failed to find a mobilising theme for his campaign. [169][170][171], In January 2019, ex-Sarkozy minister Thierry Mariani and former conservative lawmaker Jean-Paul Garraud, left Les Republicains (LR), joining the National Rally. [60][61] Their competition weakened both parties throughout the 1970s. The party appeared to have suffered from the demobilisation of its voters from the previous vote. [129] On 15 January 2011, it was announced that Marine Le Pen had received the two-thirds vote needed to become the new leader of the FN. A partir du 29 juin la station de villégiature Bansko se situant dans le Pirine réunira pour une semaine 60 freelancers qui se joindront à Bansko Nomade Fest. ... History is on our side and will bring us victory." [131] To Le Pen's advantage, the election campaign had increasingly focused on law and order issues, helped by media attention on a number of violent incidents. En … Le Rassemblement national , dénommé Front national jusqu'en 2018, est un parti politique français d'extrême droite fondé en 1972 à l'initiative d'Ordre nouveau. [248] It became a duo in June 2019:[256], The position of General Secretary was held between 1972 and 2018:[248], As of September 2020, National Rally has 6 MPs; Bruno Bilde, Sébastien Chenu, Myriane Houplain, Marine Le Pen, Nicolas Meizonnet, Catherine Pujol.[257]. These electoral defeats partly accounted for the party's financial problems. ", "A consistent opponent of immigration: Le Pen based appeal on fears about crime", http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2019/01/16/01002-20190116ARTFIG00326-le-rn-abandonne-la-sortie-de-l-euro.php, "France's Le Pen wants France, Greece, Spain to ditch euro", "French far-right leader Marine Le Pen affirms support of Israel", "€40m of Russian cash will allow Marine Le Pen's Front National to take advantage of rivals' woes in upcoming regional and presidential elections", "UKRAINE. Autant d'obstacles en vue des élections européennes de l'an prochain. [101] In November 1988, general secretary Jean-Pierre Stirbois, who, together with his wife Marie-France, had been instrumental in the FN's early electoral successes, died in a car accident, leaving Bruno Mégret as the unrivalled de facto FN deputy leader. [138], A new electoral system of two-round voting had been introduced for the 2004 regional elections, in part in an attempt to reduce the FN's influence in regional councils. [185], Representatives of Front National have repeatedly connected immigration to Islamic terrorism. Marine Le Pen se démultiplie depuis le début de la campagne ? Since 2013, that yearly net immigration rate was around 140,000 if one takes into account only people born abroad from non-French parents, but was around 33,000 if one includes also the departures and returns of French expatriates. [24] It has put forward a presidential candidate at every presidential election but one since 1974. Après l'échec de Marine Le Pen à la Présidentielle et le départ du n°2 du parti, Florian Philippot, le nombre d'adhérents FN est en baisse. [211] However, in 2019 the proposal that France leave the Eurozone was removed from the party's manifesto. [70] The PS attained its best ever result with an absolute majority in the 1981 legislative election. ", "Jean-Marie Le Pen fined again for dismissing Holocaust as 'detail, "Jean-Marie Le Pen condamné pour incitation à la haine raciale", "France National Front: Jean-Marie Le Pen suspended", "Jean-Marie Le Pen, exclu du Front national, fera "bien évidemment" un recours en justice", "Local elections confirm a quarter of French voters support Front National", "France – Poll gives France's far-right National Front party boost ahead of regional vote", "Marine Le Pen propose de renommer le FN " Rassemblement national, "Marine Le Pen annonce que le Front national devient Rassemblement national", "Entre 1986 et 1988, les députés FN voulaient rétablir la peine de mort et instaurer la préférence nationale", "French far-right leader Jean-Marie Le Pen sets retirement date", "Après le "Paquebot", Le Pen vend sa 605 blindée sur eBay", "La Peugeot de Le Pen à nouveau mise en vente sur ebay", "Far-Right National Front performs well in French regional elections", "Marine Le Pen 'chosen to lead Frances National Front, "France's National Front picks Marine Le Pen as new head", "Résultats des élections Cantonales 2011", "Marion Le Pen becomes youngest French MP in modern history", "2012 French legislative elections: Gard's 2nd constituency (first round and run-off)", "Anti-Euro Le Pen Party Wins First Parliament Seats in 15 Years", "Un an après la présidentielle, Marine Le Pen devancerait François Hollande- 3 mai 2013 – L'Obs", "2014 municipal elections: the National Front won 12 cities, elected in 1546 and 459 councilors elected in intercommunal! [130] This resulted in the first presidential run-off since 1969 without a leftist candidate, and the first ever with a candidate of the far-right. They have also been part of the Identity and Democracy Party (formerly the Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom) since 2014, which additionally includes Slovakia's We Are Family and the Bulgarian Volya Movement. [83] The FN made inroads in both right-wing and left-wing constituencies, and finished second in a number of towns. "La Déclaration des droits de l'Homme marque le début de la décadence de la France" (26 août 1989) J.M.Le Pen Histoire du parti politique Historiques politiques LE RASSEMBLEMENT NATIONAL Lundi, 05 Novembre 2018 6.5 FRancs Jeanne .. [108][109] In the 1995 presidential election, Le Pen rose slightly to 15% of the vote. [93] In the regional elections held on the same day, it won 137 seats, and gained representation in 21 of the 22 French regional councils. [32] Rassemblement national had already been used as the name of a French party, the Rassemblement National Français, led by the extreme-right lawyer Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour. Ce qui n’a pas empêché de sérieux ratés. [164], At the conclusion of the party congress in Lille on 11 March 2018, Marine Le Pen proposed renaming the party to Rassemblement national (National Rally) while keeping the flame as its logo. [121] During the 1980s, Jean-Marie Le Pen complained about the rising number of "social parasites", and called for deregulation, tax cuts, and the phasing-out of the welfare state. [153], In the municipal elections held on 23 and 30 March 2014, lists officially supported by National Front won mayoralties in 12 cities: Beaucaire, Cogolin, Fréjus, Hayange, Hénin-Beaumont, Le Luc, Le Pontet, Mantes-la-Ville, the 7th arrondissement of Marseille, Villers-Cotterêts, Béziers and Camaret-sur-Aigues. [99][100] Other quarrels soon also left the party without its remaining member of the National Assembly. [174], The FN has changed considerably since its foundation, as it has pursued the principles of modernisation and pragmatism, adapting to the changing political climate. "[160] The party's success came as a shock in France and the EU. However, the name change faced opposition from an already-existing party named "Rassemblement national", whose president, Igor Kurek, described it as "Gaullist and republican right": the party had previously registered its name with the [56] Many of its major issues, such as anti-communism, were shared by most of the mainstream right. [87], Le Pen's campaign for the upcoming presidential election unofficially began in the months following the 1986 election. The country is obligated to provide solutions to the development of radical Islam in the problematic regions". It was formerly known as the Europe of Nations and Freedom group, during which time it also included the Polish Congress of the New Right, a former member of the UK Independence Party and a former member of Romania's Conservative Party. [64] A radical group split off in 1980 and founded the French Nationalist Party, dismissing the FN as becoming too Zionist and Le Pen as the "puppet" of the Jews. 617 likes. [95] Le Pen's presidential campaign was highly successful; no candidates came close to rival his ability to excite audiences at rallies and boost ratings at television appearances. Bundesarchiv Bild 183-2004-1203-500, Besetzung eines Büros der LICA durch die RNP, Reinigung.jpg 800 × 570; 64 KB. [87] Many of its seats could be filled by a new wave of respectable political operatives, notables, who had joined the party after its 1984 success. [86] In the 1984 European elections, eleven of the 81 FN candidates came from these parties, and the party's list also included an Arab and a Jew (although in unwinnable positions). GRAND DÉBAT NATIONAL. Ludovic Pajot became the youngest member of the current French parliament at 23. [87] The RPR depended on FN support to win presidencies in some regional councils, and the FN won vice-presidential posts in four regions. [234] The EAF is a pan-European sovereigntist platform founded late 2010 that is recognised by the European Parliament. In other issues, Le Pen opposed the invasions of Iraq, led by the United States, both in the 1991 Gulf War and the 2003 Iraq War. "[190] Increasingly, the party's program became an amalgam of free market and welfarist policies, which some political commentators have claimed are left-wing economic policies. [181] The theme of exclusion of non-European immigrants was brought into the party in 1978 and became increasingly important in the 1980s. [118] Although it won only one seat in the National Assembly (Toulon), thanks to a good communication director,[119] it advanced to the second round in 132 constituencies. Since 2010, the party's support seems to have increased towards its former heights. [42] In order to create a broad movement, the ON sought to model the new party (as it earlier had sought to model itself) on the more established Italian Social Movement (MSI), which at the time appeared to establish a broad coalition for the Italian right. She argues that the United States is leading a new Cold War against Russia. The National Front denounces anti-Russian feelings in Eastern Europe and the submission of Western Europe to NATO's interests in the region. Le Rassemblement national doit faire face à une importante baisse de ses ressources, avec une grande fragilité financière et une chute du nombre d’adhérents.. Vers un dépôt de bilan ? In October 2013, Bruno Gollnisch and Jean-Marie Le Pen resigned from their position in the AENM. [168] Bannon advised the party members to "Let them call you racist, let them call you xenophobes, let them call you nativists. [89][90] The RPR won a majority with smaller centre-right parties, and thus avoided the need to deal with the FN. [36] Throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s, the French far-right consisted mainly of small extreme movements such as Occident, Groupe Union Défense (GUD), and the Ordre Nouveau (ON). mi.)" [129][145][146] Opinion polls showed the party's popularity increase under Marine Le Pen, and in the 2011 cantonal elections the party won 15% of the overall vote (up from 4.5% in 2008). Interest. Page Facebook officielle de la fédération du Rassemblement National (RN) des Alpes-Maritimes (06) [247], The party had five vice presidents between July 2012 and March 2018 (against three previously). Christelle Lechevalier, a National Rally Member of the European Parliament (MEP), said many National Rally leaders held similar views as the GI, but sought to hide them from voters.[227]. Pour lui, les européennes sont le premier étage de la fusée vers 2022. [94] To promote his statesmanship credentials, he made trips to South East Asia, the United States, and Africa. [224] Since November 2014, she insists that if a French bank agrees to give her a loan, she would break her contract with the FCBR, but she has not received any other counter-propositions. [228] Following the 1989 election, it teamed up with the German Republicans and the Belgian Vlaams Blok in a new European Right group, while the MSI left due to the Germans' arrival. She sees no other solution for peace in Ukraine than to organise a kind of federation that would allow each region to have a large degree of autonomy. [238] The party also has ties to Steve Bannon, who served as White House Chief Strategist under President Donald Trump. [215][216][217] The current leader of the party, Marine Le Pen, distanced herself for a time from the party machine in protest at her father's comments. 31 March 2014", "The French Right Scores a Historic Victory", "Far-Right Front National makes historic gains in French municipal elections", "France's National Front Scores Historic Win in European Election", "French Municipal Elections: Far-Right National Front Scores Impressive Gains, But Hopes For Real Political Power Remain A Fantasy", "Far-right National Front stuns French elite with EU 'earthquake, "The National Front's victory: France in shock", "France Shaken by National Front 'Earthquake, "Why Macron Won: Luck, Skill and France's Dark History", Les Patriotes: How Le Pen’s ex-protégé hopes to win over French far right, "Marine Le Pen propose de rebaptiser le FN "Rassemblement national, "Marine Le Pen sparks row over new name for Front National", "Steve Bannon tells French far-right 'history is on our side'", "Steve Bannon told a French far-right party to wear the 'racist' label 'as a badge of honor'", https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/ex-sarkozy-minister-jumps-conservative-ship-to-join-french-far-right-11103410, "From Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen: Electoral Change on the Far Right", "Marine Le Pen's plan to make France great again", "Projet de lutte contre la prostitution : la morale féministe dépourvue d'efficacité", "Marine Le Pen planning Italy trip to condemn North African refugees", 'Immigration: Le FN précise ses objectifs chiffrés (et ça change beaucoup)' ('FN defines more precisely its numerical immigration objectives (and that makes a great difference))', "Marine Le Pen's Anti-Islam Message Gains Influence in France", "Marine Le Pen, France's (Kinder, Gentler) Extremist", "France's National Rally links to violent far-right group revealed", "The European far right: actually right?
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